The human digestive system

The human digestive system The human digestive system is responsible for the intake, breakdown, absorption and finally removal of nutrients and energy needed for the functioning of the human body. It performs these duties by allowing nutrients and energy in the form of food to enter the body, and then removing the materials needed from the food, then absorbing the materials into the body, as well as sending these materials to the place that theyre needed, and finally removing the leftover materials from the body. The system consists of the primary organs; the mouth, the esophagus, the stomach, the small intestine, the large intestine, the rectum, and the anus, as well as the secondary organs; the liver, the salivary glands, the gallbladder and the pancreas. The mouth is responsible for the immediate intake of food, and is partially responsible for digestion, through the process of mastication, which is the chewing of food. Food enters the body through the mouth, where it is than chewed to soften and partially breakdown the food. Saliva from the salivary glands also aides in the preliminary breakdown of foods, because of the chemicals and enzymes contained in saliva. Once the food is sufficiently broken down, it is swallowed and brought to the next organ in the digestive system, the esophagus. The Role of the esophagus is simply to allow the partially broken down food to travel from the mouth to the stomach. Its role in digestion is minimal, but it is still considered one of the major organs in the system. At the joining point of the esophagus and the stomach, called the cardiac sphincter, is the blocker that prevents gastric acid from exiting the stomach and damaging the mouth or the esophagus itself. When the Cardiac sphincter fails its job, the gastric acid seeps into the esophagus, causing damage to the interior of the esophagus, as well as the painful sensation known as heartburn. The stomach is a muscular, hollow organ in the human digestive system, and is one of the primary sites of digestion. It is filled with gastric acid, a powerful acid that breaks down food with relative ease, digesting most foods in about 4 or 5 hours. The stomach contains three glands, which are used to either aid in the digestion of food, or protection of the stomach from its own digestive materials. The three types of glands are the pyloric gland, the cardiac gland and the gastric gland. The pyloric gland is responsible for secreting gastrin, a hormone which stimulates the production of gastric acid. The gastrin activates the gastric glands, which start secreting gastric acid. The cardiac glands are the centers of mucus secretion in the stomach. This mucus is used to protect the lining of the stomach. A common problem associated with the stomach is peptic ulcers, a type of ulcer formed by a disturbance in the regulation of the hormone gastrin, which causes to much gastric acid to be produced, which causes damage to the mucus membrane and the stomach lining. After food has been digested enough, it moves out of the stomach and into the small intestine. Another round of digestion occurs in the small intestine, even more than in the stomach. Absorption also begins to occur at this stage in the digestive system. The small intestine is broken down into three parts, the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum. The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine, and it is responsible for most of the food digested in the small intestine. The duodenum also regulates the rate of emptying of the stomach via hormonal pathways. The next part of the small intestine is the jejunum, which is the longest portion of the small intestine, but it is also responsible for very little digestion, but is primarily responsible for the first round of absorption, where it takes most of the nutrients out of the food matter. The final portion of the small intestine is the ileum, which is where the final bit of absorption in the small intestine takes place. Once the now digested material finishes its path through the small intestine, it enters the large intestin e. The large intestines primary purpose is to remove most of the water from the now indigestible mass, and move it to the anus, where it will be removed from the body. The large intestine is made up of the cecum, the rectum and the colon. The cecum is not very large in humans, and is barely existent at all. It serves a much higher purpose in herbivores, where it digests tough leaves with the help of symbiotic bacteria. In humans this is not necessary, so it has become very unimportant. The colon is where the water is taken from the digested food matter. The rectum is where the waste is temporarily stored before it is excreted from the body, which takes place in the anus. The secondary organs in the digestive system are also vital to the survival of a human, but they take a more passive role in digestion. The liver plays a major role in digestion and has a number of functions, including glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells, plasma protein synthesis, hormone production, and detoxification. It lies below the diaphragm in the thoracic region of the abdomen. It produces some of the systems bile the rest is produced by the gallbladder, an alkaline compound which aids in digestion. It also performs and regulates a wide variety of high-volume biochemical reactions requiring highly specialized tissues, including the synthesis and breakdown of small and complex molecules, many of which are necessary for normal vital functions.

Movie The Matrix Essay example -- Movie Film Matrix Films Essays

Movie The Matrix In 2002, Brent Staples communicated with Jean Baudrillard about the use of his philosophy in The Matrix (1999), a film written and directed by Andy and Larry Wachowski. Staples wrote, â€Å"He [Baudrillard] noted that the film’s â€Å"borrowings† from his work â€Å"stemmed mostly from misunderstandings† and suggested that no movie could ever do justice to the themes of this book†. In this paper, I will argue that the Wachowski Brothers did not want to â€Å"do justice to the themes of this book†; they wanted to adapt Baudrillard’s theories about the blurring of the real and unreal, and the eventual extermination of the real, into a story that provides hope for humans wanting to escape the suffocation of the â€Å"hyperreal†. The â€Å"hyperreal† was first coined by Baudrillard in his book, Simulacra and Simulations (1983); it is the product of the distortions of the real through endless simulations of it in radio, newspaper, te levision, and film. In The Matrix, Morpheus offers Neo one more opportunity to accept the â€Å"hyperreal† in the form of a blue pill which alludes to a world of fantasy, a world that has imprisoned the real—this world is known as the matrix. Many people, like Neo, might ask "what is the matrix?" Whether they would be ready, or not, Morpheus will tell them, â€Å"The Matrix is the world that has been pulled over your eyes to blind you from the truth†. The truth â€Å"that you are a slave†, â€Å"like everyone else you were born into bondage, into a prison that you can’t smell, or taste, or touch; a prison for your mind†. This prison is built not necessarily to keep you from being free, but to keep you from the real. The prison’s simulations of the real are so precise that they fool thousands of people in The Matrix. However, there... ... the matrix. Neo speaks of a simulation that produces redundancy, a simulation that fears change and evolution, and finally a system that allows no progression of human thought. Neo and his band of revolutionaries are now set on awakening as many people as possible from this banal, fake existence. An existence that has produced the stagnation that the Wachowskis feel humans have been born into. There is meaning to be found in life, and for the renegades in The Matrix, meaning is reality. The Wachowskis, and those liberated from the programmed world, see the perpetual simulations and the machines responsible for them as enemies. The enemies of reality are accountable for the traditional cultural suffocation of the real, progress, inspiration, dreams, and individuality. The Matrix and its creators take the position that no amount of this suppression is acceptable. Movie The Matrix Essay example -- Movie Film Matrix Films Essays Movie The Matrix In 2002, Brent Staples communicated with Jean Baudrillard about the use of his philosophy in The Matrix (1999), a film written and directed by Andy and Larry Wachowski. Staples wrote, â€Å"He [Baudrillard] noted that the film’s â€Å"borrowings† from his work â€Å"stemmed mostly from misunderstandings† and suggested that no movie could ever do justice to the themes of this book†. In this paper, I will argue that the Wachowski Brothers did not want to â€Å"do justice to the themes of this book†; they wanted to adapt Baudrillard’s theories about the blurring of the real and unreal, and the eventual extermination of the real, into a story that provides hope for humans wanting to escape the suffocation of the â€Å"hyperreal†. The â€Å"hyperreal† was first coined by Baudrillard in his book, Simulacra and Simulations (1983); it is the product of the distortions of the real through endless simulations of it in radio, newspaper, te levision, and film. In The Matrix, Morpheus offers Neo one more opportunity to accept the â€Å"hyperreal† in the form of a blue pill which alludes to a world of fantasy, a world that has imprisoned the real—this world is known as the matrix. Many people, like Neo, might ask "what is the matrix?" Whether they would be ready, or not, Morpheus will tell them, â€Å"The Matrix is the world that has been pulled over your eyes to blind you from the truth†. The truth â€Å"that you are a slave†, â€Å"like everyone else you were born into bondage, into a prison that you can’t smell, or taste, or touch; a prison for your mind†. This prison is built not necessarily to keep you from being free, but to keep you from the real. The prison’s simulations of the real are so precise that they fool thousands of people in The Matrix. However, there... ... the matrix. Neo speaks of a simulation that produces redundancy, a simulation that fears change and evolution, and finally a system that allows no progression of human thought. Neo and his band of revolutionaries are now set on awakening as many people as possible from this banal, fake existence. An existence that has produced the stagnation that the Wachowskis feel humans have been born into. There is meaning to be found in life, and for the renegades in The Matrix, meaning is reality. The Wachowskis, and those liberated from the programmed world, see the perpetual simulations and the machines responsible for them as enemies. The enemies of reality are accountable for the traditional cultural suffocation of the real, progress, inspiration, dreams, and individuality. The Matrix and its creators take the position that no amount of this suppression is acceptable.

Psychology Ia Notes

Psychology Summer Assignment 2011 Due first class back in August/ September: Draft of Introduction and Design of Psychology Experiment. HL Psychology: IA is graded out of a score of 28. It is worth 20% of your final grade. 1500-2000 words SL Psychology: IA is graded out of a score of 20. It is worth 25% of the Final Grade. 1000-1500 words Refer to the IB Guide for First Exams in 2011 as you write your paper, and keep in contact with me. Here is a website from which you can download the Psychology Guide: http://www. bsurvival. com/files/file/1134-psychology-guide-for-first-examinations-in-2011/ Here are the parts of the IA that you must submit in our next class in August: Introduction (5 points HL; 2 points SL)) Method: Design (2 points for SL and HL) Method: Participants (2 points for SL and HL) Method: Procedure (2 points for SL and HL) Key advice: NUMBERS: Make sure that you choose an experiment that has results that can be measured on a broad scale. So observers in Bandura were not told to rate violence on a â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† basis, but to count the number of violent acts; Milgram had many intervals on his â€Å"shock machine† that enabled him to measure and compare statistics about what point people would drop out at; Loftus and Palmer asked participants to estimate speeds in miles per hour, as opposed to â€Å"were they going fast or slow. † You will be calculating statistics and showing trends. The more detailed the numbers, the more you can say about them. And nearly half of your IA grade will be based on what you do with these numbers. ETHICS: Refer closely to the Guide as you prepare. PARTICIPANTS: there are many characteristics of participants that can be considered confounding variables. You should know your experiment well enough to avoid these. DESIGN: Repeated measures or independent samples. The answer to which one you choose is always logical, but you must show that you understand the logic. METHOD: It must be possible for the reader to replicate your study based on what you write. A word of encouragement: You should be carefully selecting the experiment that you will replicate over the summer. I have asked for a draft of the first parts of the paper to get you to start writing in the IA style. If you over the summer you find that you cannot write about your experiment, you will still have time to choose another one. I will be available throughout the summer through emails, and at times through Moodle, so keep in touch. The IB says that you must have 30 hours (SL) and 40 hours (HL) of class time devoted to the IA. I prefer to use this time to work on how to do the experiment, express the results, debate the conclusions. But for that, you need to get through the simplest processes on your own. Every one of you is capable of a grade of â€Å"5† if you are diligent. And once you know you have an IA grade of â€Å"5,† you'll have renewed confidence and motivation to get through the final months of the course. Due Dates: First Draft (all parts) by October 20 (last class before the Toussaint break) Papers will be returned with comments and advice after the Toussaint. Final Draft: IB and Ermitage approved deadline is December 10. This information can also be found on your Moodle Y1 Psych site.

Keep and Eppe - 1023 Words

The Effective Provision of Pre-school Education (EPPE) The effective provision of pre-school education (EPPE) project is a longitudinal study that investigates the care and development of young children from age three to seven years. It focuses on the effects of children in different types of preschool provision and concentrates on their intellectual, social and behavioural characteristics. It also focuses on factors affecting the child’s development such as interaction between child, family and their preschool environment (Melhuish, E. And Petrogiannis, K, 2006). In order to investigate the characteristics of pre school the EPPE team collected a wide range of information on more than 3000 children from 141pre school centres. They†¦show more content†¦In order to improve their work with young children practitioners use their own learning by using ways of work that are non-judgemental, sensitive and positive. Therefore, practitoners through initial on-going training and development need to develop, and demonstrate and continuously improve a number of things in their work. They may have to work with the wider community such as parents and carers and also with other professionals with inside and outside the setting. They may have to improve on their relationships with both the children and their parents and develop a knowledge and understanding of the diverse ways that children can learn in order to support and extend children’s learning across all areas and aspects of learning (Leicestershire County Council). KEEP has been developed to evaluate and improve local authority training and support, it needs to be used by practitioners and settings to identify their development needs and effectiveness on early years learning. However it is also based on improving practice through self-evaluation and reflection (KEEP: Key Elements of Effective Practice, pdf). Reference List EPPE Authority of the House of Commons (2010) House of Commons: Children, schools and families committee: Sure Start Children’s Centre. Fifth Report of session 2009-10. Volume 1. London: The Stationery Office Limited. Department for Education (2012) Early Learning and Childcare: Evidence and Research,Show MoreRelatedCU1536 PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE IN EARLY YEARS SETTINGS977 Words   |  4 Pagesyears Evidence based practise is a setting which is influenced by objective evidence gained from research. Professional practices require you to keep up to date with researched findings and to consider how these can be applied to your own setting. An example of how research has influenced work with children is The Effective Provision of Pre-School Education (EPPE) which is a comprehensive report which investigated the effects of pre-school provision, its findings found that children who had attended earlyRead More Mysterious ways of J.D. Salinger Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pagesalso contributed to making him leave. Not to mention the biggest factor which made him want to be left alone, phoniness. These are the reasons that I believe why he wants to be left alone and not give interviews, this is also what fuels the press to keep chasing after J.D. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;To give a brief biography of what J.D. did up until his name was heard of, here’s how it all started. In 1934 J.D.’s father (Sol) enrolled him in Valley Forge Military Academy (Hamilton 18). After thatRead MoreHow Parental Involvement Is Important1572 Words   |  7 PagesSylva et Al 2004 and Deforges and Abouchaar 2003. (See below) The effects of the Home Learning Environment on children’s developmental outcomes at age 7 . The second study I will be researching will be the EPPE study (Sylva et Al 2004). One of the clearest messages that came out of the EPPE studies was that ‘what parents do is more important than who parents are’. This research uses a range of instruments including standardised assessment data, interviews/questionnaires and observational schedulesRead MoreEYFS Assignment Part 12566 Words   |  11 PagesFurthermore it discusses how planning, organisation, observation and assessment can help to facilitate effective learning (Nursery World 2011) The essay draws upon the thoughts, ideas and conclusions of the Effective Provision of Pre-school Education (EPPE 2003) and Researching Effective Pedagogy in the Early Years (REPEY 2002) documents and those of significant theorists including Bowlby, Bruner and Vygotsky and alternative educational approaches such as High-scope borne from the USA and Te WharikiRead MoreThe Purpose of This Report Is to Review and Evaluate the Principles Underpinning the Role of the Practitioner When Working with Children.3365 Words   |  14 Pages1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15-17 4.2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17-18 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦18 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.19 Introduction This report will discuss ways in which to improve practice, and keep up to date with legislation, initiatives, and research and standard changes. It will explain the ways on how to maintain professional relationships with adults and children. This report aims to layout the benefits of reflective practice and show howRead MoreEssay on Skills for an Effective Communication1261 Words   |  6 PagesManning, 2002, p.3). Students depend on their teacher for guidance, feedback and structure throughout their learning process. If a teacher is not communicating correctly the student could misinterpret or lose grasp of what is actually being said. An EPPE study that was conducted in 2003 highlighted the fact that students who had highly skilled early childhood teachers received better outcomes than those who did not. The results showed that teachers with better training knew how to effectively communicateRead MoreEssay on Child Care2272 Words   |  10 Pagespeople. Our outdoor/indoor play areas are stimulating and attractive to children to encourage them to use their senses to learn, there are plenty of play opportunities provided we keep the areas interesting and visually appealing. We are well planned and organised around the children we have areas which challenge, keep children’s interests, and meet children’s needs, as every child is unique they have their own needs, personality and interests these are planned and organised for. Eyfs requires settingsRead More Teaching2569 Words   |  11 PagesFoundation Stage Framework, 2007). High Scope, Reggio Emilia and EYFS similarly suggest good practice such as a trusting atmosphere within early years is paramount to give the children a secure opportunity to learn and develop through exploring new things. KEEP (2005) also supports this concept and places an importance on adults having a shared view in order to ensure the children make progress. A main difference between the EYFS and High Scope is that High Scope encompasses a process which enables childrenRead Morethe development, implementation and evaluation of early year’s policy reflecting on the role of research and the role of the practitioner within this process2769 Words   |  12 Pagesstudies ‘can penetrate situations in ways that are not susceptible to numerical analysis’ (p. 253) which for some early years research may be more beneficial. The methods used in research are very important in producing credible results. for example the EPPE project (Sylva et al 2003) use methods which allowed validity and a reliability such as being longitudinal providing an extended view into the impact, using random allocation and a variety of instruments. Even though the study used a good variety ofRead MoreHigh Scope in Education3661 Words   |  15 Pagesmorning greeting would be planning time, which is when the teacher walks around the class and asks the students to pick out something that they want to work on throughout their work time. The teacher will record what each child is working on and will keep track of when they finish and how long it took them, along with how much assistance they needed for that specific task. The work time takes up a rather large portion of the day and it is then followed by recall time. Recall time is when the class